WAYS TO INCREASE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF BIOMASS AND WASTE COMBUSTION PROCESSES

The increase the part of energy obtained from biomass, biogas and waste in the energy balance of Ukraine leads to an increase in the impact of these energy sources on the state of atmospheric air. The entry into force of the Law of Ukraine “On Integrated Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution” in 2025 should contribute to the reduction of these impacts. The effective application of this Law is hindered by some gaps in the regulatory and methodological support for the regulation of biomass and waste combustion processes. The article presents proposals for improving the methodological basis for the development of technologies and equipment for using the thermal potential of biomass and waste. Based on the analysis of the mechanisms of formation of NOx, SOx and dioxins/furans, approaches to the organization of combustion processes are proposed. In particular, additional mechanisms for reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur can be provided by the co-combustion of biomass and waste with fossil fuels. The complex mechanisms of formation of secondary toxic compounds during biomass and waste combustion do not always allow technology developers to identify the full list of pollutants that must be controlled. To exclude uncontrolled emissions of pollutants, the procedures for obtaining integrated permits for industrial pollution should be supplemented by an independent professional examination of technological documentation for the possible presence of toxic substances in the products of the technological process. Bibl. 24, Tab. 5, Fig. 2.