Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity.
Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity.
T. Judge,Ronald F. Piccolo
2004 · DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Journal of Applied Psychology · 4,277 Citations
TLDR
This study provided a comprehensive examination of the full range of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership, revealing an overall validity of .44 for transformational leadership and this validity generalized over longitudinal and multisource designs.