Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair
Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair
A. H. Sultan,M. A. Kamm,C. Hudson,C. Bartram
1994 · DOI: 10.1136/bmj.308.6933.887
British medical journal · 757 Citations
TLDR
Vacuum, extraction is associated with fewer third degree tears than forceps delivery and an episiotomy does not always prevent a third degree tear, according to retrospective analysis of obstetric variables.