Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears: prevalence and risk factors in the third millennium.
Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears: prevalence and risk factors in the third millennium.
A. Groutz,J. Hasson,4 Authors,D. Gordon
2010 · DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.11.019
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · 113 Citations
TLDR
Severe perineal tears are uncommon in modern obstetric practice, but significant risk factors are Asian ethnicity, primiparity, persistent occipito posterior, vacuum delivery, and heavier birthweight.