THE GENEALOGY OF MODERNITY: FROM THE DECONSTRUCTION OF ROOTS TO THE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICES IN NIETZSCHE'S PHILOSOPHY

Modernity has been characterized by its theoretical nature, constantly seeking to present explanatory theories about existence, science, and ethics. It embodied the spirit of rationality, which led Nietzsche to critique many understandings, such as those of Kant and Hegel, considering them to have sanctified idealism and killed realism- an attitude he believed prevailed during the modern era. Consequently, Nietzsche sought to deconstruct the foundational principles of rationality and criticize the practices adopted by modern man through rational philosophy. He did so by questioning all the concepts and foundations upon which modern philosophy was built. This research aims to uncover these critical insights. Modernity is distinguished by its theoretical and methodological character in interpreting ethics, examining the state of science, and producing explanatory theories in various branches of philosophy. Nietzsche, as we will explore, takes a critical stance toward these frameworks, aiming to dismantle them as disconnected from the actual condition of humanity. He argues that they excessively invoke metaphysical and rational considerations, thereby negating the value of the autonomous individual in favor of abstract constructs that, according to Nietzsche, extinguish the spirit of life.