SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE ECOLOGICAL AND RECLAMATION STATE OF DRAINLESS AREAS

The article presents the results of studies of spatial and temporal changes in the ecological and land reclamation status of drainless areas based on the use of high and medium spatial resolution satellite data. The authors assessed the geomorphological, hydrogeological, soil and land reclamation conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine and noted that heterogeneous natural conditions such as relief, geomorphology, groundwater, soils and rocks of the active water exchange zone contributed to the development of processes of harmful effects of water and the nature of their manifestation. A large drainless area, the Petrivskyi depression in the area of the Kakhovka irrigation system, was chosen as the object of study. The processes of land degradation on the territory of the sub were identified by detecting various manifestations of spectral and textural changes in soil and vegetation surfaces under the influence of water and wind erosion, and an unbalanced land use system based on satellite images of various earth surface scanning systems. Changes were identified and studied by vegetation, soil, and water spectral indices, which made it possible to observe the flooding of the territory. Observations were carried out in different years and cover a period of more than 40 years: 1985-2015 - the most active flooding of the territory was observed; 2002, 2003 and 2005 - large-scale winter-spring flooding; 2018-2024 - the absence of a drainage system that is in decline was recorded; 2023, 2024 - the impact of hostilities on the territory of the pad. Based on the results of studies of the spatial differentiation of soil emissions and their temporal dynamics, the authors have developed a complex indicator that is a function of three components - the spectral indices NDVI, NDWI and CM. Verification of the studies of the period 1991-2017 of the averaged values of the spectral indices showed that the closest correlation exists between NDWI and NDVI and is 0,92. The experimental area was analyzed for soil fertility in contrast to the depleted soils of the pudu. It was determined that with the change in humus concentration, the color of the topsoil changes, which in turn causes changes in the spectral characteristics of the satellite image.

Through long-term observations, the spatial and temporal changes in the ecological and reclamation state of the drainless area and the probability of loss of the functional resource of the reclamation system as a whole were studied.