SLR-GPoA: A Smart Land Registry System Using Blockchain and Geographic Proof of Authority

—The modernization of land registry systems is essential for enhancing transparency, reducing fraud, and driving socio-economic progress. Traditional land administration approaches—whether manual or semi-digital—often suffer from inefficiencies, centralization, and a lack of scalability. This paper introduces a Geographic Proof of Authority (GPoA) based framework for land governance, conceptualized as a Distributed Intelligent System (DIS). Built on a permissioned blockchain architecture, the model integrates geographically aware validator selection, parallel trust-weighted validation, and smart contracts to automate key operations such as ownership transfer and dispute resolution. A prototype implementation using Hyperledger Fabric demonstrated notable improvements in validation accuracy, transaction efficiency, and fault tolerance when compared to conventional approaches. These results affirm the potential of GPoA as a legally-aligned, context-aware, and scalable consensus model for modernizing land registry systems.