Simultaneous Optimization of Oil and Resin Extraction from Nyamplung Seeds

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is a plant with great potential as a fuel source that can be developed in Indonesia. Nyamplung seeds contain 60-75% oil and 10-30% resin. This study aims to optimise the extraction process of oil and resin from nyamplung seeds using hexane and methanol solvents under various operating conditions and to determine the optimal extraction conditions. In this process, extraction will be carried out using two types of solvents (hexane-methanol) with several operational variations, namely: (1) extraction temperature (35-45°C); (2) extraction time (4-6 hours); (3) stirring speed (200-600 rpm). The extraction process of oil and resin from nyamplung seeds was optimised using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The oil and resin obtained were then characterised through several analyses. The analyses for oil included yield, acid number, density, and viscosity, while the analyses for resin included yield and acid number. Based on the research results, simultaneous optimisation of the extraction process conditions for oil and resin from nyamplung seeds using a mixture of hexane and methanol solvents yielded an oil yield of 52.43% and a resin yield of 9.56% at a temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 5 hours, and stirring speed of 500 rpm. Optimisation aimed at maximising oil yield resulted in a yield of 55.33% at a temperature of 45°C, extraction time of 6 hours, and stirring speed of 600 rpm. Resin yield was obtained at 10.91% at a temperature of 36.35°C, extraction time of 4 hours, and stirring speed of 591.78 rpm. The quality of the optimised oil simultaneously includes an acid number of 10.51 mgKOH/g, density of 0.94 g/ml, and viscosity of 4.47 cP, while the resin has an acid number of 142.79 mgKOH/g