Secure IoT-Based Smart Agriculture System Using Wireless Sensor Networks for Remote Environmental Monitoring

Designing and implementing a secure IoT-based smart agriculture system that uses wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for real-time monitoring to keep the best environment and irrigates automatically. The proposed system is based on the ESP32 microcontroller and incorporates sensors for soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS), enabling precise agricultural resource management. The system is powered by solar energy to ensure continuous operation in remote areas or off the grid. Via Transport Layer Security (TLS), data is securely transmitted to the cloud, and device authentication is tokenized through Blynk IoT-a firm favorite among the Internet of Things community with its platform for control. You can control your irrigation and watch over the environment in real time with a mobile application, which means that a person needs only be present half of the time, avoiding waste for both water and electricity. Experimental results demonstrate a high accuracy in environment-sensing that leads to efficient water utilization, and stable, secure communication. The system is a low-cost, scalable solution for modernizing farming operations while addressing potential cybersecurity risks in an IoT agricultural environment.