Saneamento e direito à cidade: ponderações sobre abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário na cidade de Belém/PA / Sanitation and right to the city: weights on water supply and sanitary filling in the city of Belém/PA

DOI: 10.12957/rdc.2017.28918 Questiona-se acerca das condicoes do saneamento (abastecimento de agua e esgotamento sanitario) na cidade de Belem, Estado do Para, na perspectiva do direito a cidade, com base em diplomas normativos internacionais, dentre os quais o que trata dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milenio (ONU, 2010), e na legislacao brasileira, a partir da Constituicao da Republica. Faz-se recorte a respeito de quanto e emergente e relevante, na atualidade, o servico publico de saneamento, para a sobrevivencia humana digna e o gozo pleno dos demais direitos da pessoa humana. Aborda-se o aspecto altamente excludente da urbanizacao belenense, sob o ponto de vista socioespacial, o que causa reflexos nefastos para segmentos vulnerabilizados e expressivos da populacao, os quais tem subtraido cotidianamente o exercicio do direito a cidade. Considera-se na interface com esse direito os aspectos relacionados a organizacao social, as relacoes de poder, a producao e apropriacao dos espacos, como fatores que determinam, em ultima instância, a qualidade de vida de parcela significativa da populacao belenense, quando o assunto diz respeito ao abastecimento de agua e ao esgotamento sanitario. Palavras-chaves: Saneamento Basico; Direito a Cidade; Belem; Segregacao Socioespacial. Abstract Universal access to basic sanitation services is a determining and conditioning factor for the quality of life of the population of any city, in terms of goal 7 of the Millennium Development Goals (ONU, 2010), other international documents, Brazilian legislation in scope Constitutional and in the infraconstitutional section. In light of these normative documents, it is questioned about the sanitation conditions in the city of Belem, State of Para, weighting water supply and sanitary sewage, inserting them in the perspective of the right to the city. If sanitation is indispensable for the dignified human survival and an essential condition for the full enjoyment of life and other rights, the question of universality in the provision of this public service is fundamental, which makes it relevant and emerging today. Considerations on the belenense urbanization, which is highly exclusionary from the sociospatial point of view, are brought to light, and that causes negative consequences for vulnerable and expressive segments of the population, which have daily subtracted the exercise of the right to the city, being subject to sociospatial exclusion. It is considered that the discussion about the right to the city, when linked to the guarantee of equitable access to sanitation, must necessarily consider aspects of social organization, power relations, production and appropriation of spaces, factors that determine, the quality of life of a significant portion of the population of Belem, when the issue is related to water supply and sanitary sewage. Keywords: Basic Sanitation; Right to the City; Sociospatial Segregation.