Salmonella Contamination in Pet Foods and Its

Public Health Implications: A Comprehensive Review

The growing humanization of pets and the increased demand for diverse pet food products have raised concerns about microbial contamination, particularly by Salmonella spp. This review examines the prevalence of Salmonella in various pet food types, including dry kibbles, treats, and raw-meat-based diets (RMBD). It outlines key contamination pathways during manufacturing, handling, and household interactions. Numerous outbreaks and recalls in North America have been linked to contaminated pet food, including multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains that pose significant public health risks. We highlight the current mitigation strategies, such as high-pressure processing, irradiation, bacteriophage application, organic acids, and plant-derived antimicrobials. Regulatory frameworks from the U.S. and the EU were also reviewed, emphasizing the preventive approach under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). In South Korea, the pet food market is rapidly expanding; however, it remains governed by general feed regulations with limited micro-biological safety standards. This regulatory gap increases the risk of zoonotic transmission, particularly among vulnerable populations. To ensure safety, the development of pet food-specific microbiological criteria, enhanced regulation and monitoring, and consumer education is urgently needed. Addressing pet food safety through the One Health lens is critical for minimizing zoonotic risks and supporting sustainable industrial growth.