Saddle Invariant Objects and Their Global Manifolds in a Neighborhood of a Homoclinic Flip Bifurcation of Case B

When a real saddle equilibrium in a three-dimensional vector field undergoes a homoclinic bifurcation, the associated two-dimensional invariant manifold of the equilibrium closes on itself in an orientable or nonorientable way, provided the corresponding genericity conditions hold. We are interested in the interaction between global invariant manifolds of saddle equilibria and saddle periodic orbits for a vector field close to a codimension-two homoclinic flip bifurcation, that is, the point of transition between having an orientable or nonorientable two-dimensional surface. Here, we focus on homoclinic flip bifurcations of case $B$, which is characterized by the fact that the codimension-two point gives rise to an additional homoclinic bifurcation, namely, a two-homoclinic orbit. To explain how the global manifolds organize phase space, we consider Sandstede's three-dimensional vector field model, which features inclination and orbit flip bifurcations. We compute global invariant manifolds and their inte...