Rural Women at Work: A Comparative Study of Sikarpur Gram Panchayat in Jalpaiguri and Hatighisa Gram Panchayat in Darjeeling Districts of West Bengal

This study examines the occupational status and socio-economic conditions of rural women in two Gram Panchayats of West Bengal namely Sikarpur (in Jalpaiguri district) and Hatighisa (in Darjeeling district) based on survey data from 200 women aged 25 to 55 years. The findings reveal that women in both regions make significant contributions to agriculture, informal work and domestic labour though their roles remain under-recognized. Despite improvements in literacy and Self-Help Group (SHG) participation disparities exist across age, caste and income levels. Hatighisa shows higher awareness of government schemes and better female work participation while Sikarpur demonstrates better educational access and slightly higher income diversity. Economic necessity, not personal empowerment is the primary driver of employment of women with most jobs being temporary and low-paid. Childcare responsibilities particularly among younger women and lack of time among older women remain main barriers to employment. Women face structural challenges such as limited mobility, education and access to stable livelihoods especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions including skill development, improved childcare facilities, awareness programs and sustainable employment opportunities. These measures are essential to enhance women's economic agency, improve quality of life and promote their active role in rural development and local governance.