Replication and UpScaling of Smart Cities in Academia and Practice: Concepts, Barriers and Enablers

In the case of smart cities, a transference of knowledge and technologies is often assumed to be a key for leveraging successful solutions. However, previous studies and projects have indicated several barriers and enablers regarding to upscaling – a key focus of this paper that aims to contribute both to research and practice. This paper focuses on analysing the knowledge and research gap between the academic literature, via systematic literature review, compared with an empirical experience of 10 urban UpScaling projects, collected via survey among city networks, research organisations and urban stakeholders.