Post-Quantum Cryptography for Securing Next-Generation Communication Networks

Advancements in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and lattice-based encryption are paving the way for PQC adoption, but challenges remain, such as performance overhead and compatibility with existing infrastructure. It evaluates whether PQC schemes are feasible for real-time applications in high-speed, low-latency networks and analyzes the security-performance trade-offs. We investigate standardized candidates from NIST's PQC Project (e.g., CRYSTALS-Kyber, Dilithium) and their resistance to hybrid attacks. In addition, we also investigate the hardware acceleration (e.g., FPGA, ASIC) approach to alleviate the latency bottleneck. Transition strategies, such as hybrid cryptography (the coupling of classical and PQC algorithms) and zero-trust frameworks to maintain backward compatibility, are a key focus here. We further discuss side-channel vulnerabilities specific to PQC implementations and suggest mitigation strategies. These findings emphasize the need for a continued focus in areas such as scalability, standardization and quantum secure key distribution and the importance of collaboration between academia, industry and policymakers." By tackling these issues, PQC can secure next-gen networks from quantum dangers while aging to be efficient and trustworthy.