Piezoelectric Transducer as an Energy Harvester: A Review

lead-based (PZT) material has a strain coefficient d33 equal to 390 Coul/Nx10-12, and permittivity value ranging from 1000 to 3500 and can generate power output that is equal to 52mW at 100Hz, which is higher than the output of the lead-free-based material Barium Titanate (BaTiO3). The output of piezoelectric also depends on the piezoelectric transducer’s structure. The circular diaphragm’s power output is greater than the bimorph cantilever’s power output due to the presence of a proof mass in the center of the diaphragm that provides prestress to the piezoelectric which improves the low-frequency performance of the energy harvester.