Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Citrus sinensis Peel Extracts on Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi

This study investigates the use of Citrus sinensis (Orange) peel extracts as antibacterial agents against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteria were isolated from typhoid fever infected patients and diagnosed using various laboratory procedures. The extracts showed antibacterial activity due to the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponin, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and antimicrobial properties, while saponins and tannins play a role in wound healing and antimicrobial activities. The ethanol extract showed the highest antibacterial effect against the test isolate, with the highest zone of inhibition of 20 mm at 100mg/ml against S. aureus and 19 mm for S. typhi. The aqueous extract had the highest zone of in inhibition of 17 mm at the same concentration for S. typhi and negative bacteria. The study highlights the importance of understanding the potential of Citrus sinensis peel extracts as antibacterial agents. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Citrus Sinensis, S. Typhi, antibacterial activities, flavonoids, Terpenoids, and phenols