Overview of Challenges in Diagnosing and managing brain related diseases

Brain-related disorders include multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's are among the most significant issues facing modern medicine. Despite enormous advances in neuroimaging, genetics, and computer analysis, successful care and early diagnosis are still difficult due to overlapping

symptoms, data heterogeneity, and the complexity of brain activity. This chapter examines the primary clinical, technological, and ethical challenges in diagnosing and treating neurological diseases. It highlights the limitations of current diagnostic tools, treatment-related challenges,and the need for integrated approaches that incorporate data-driven insights, artificial intelligence, and clinical expertise. In addition to highlighting emerging research subjects including neuroinformatics, wearable monitoring devices, and individualized treatment, the debate offers a forward-looking perspective on improving outcomes in brain healthcare.