Natural Language Processing in Digital Transformation, ESG Practices, and Lean Management: A Determinant Factor of Manufacturing Firm Value

This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital transformation, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) practice, and lean management on corporate value in the manufacturing sector. The research focused on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2019-2023, using secondary quantitative data from annual and sustainability reports. The purposive sampling method selected 21 companies that consistently disclosed relevant information in 5 consecutive years. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression, with company values measured using Tobin's Q. Digital transformation data was extracted using text analysis techniques, while ESG practices were measured based on GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) indicators, and lean management practices were assessed using a bundle model. The results show that lean management has a significant and positive effect on company value, which shows that operational efficiency and reduction of waste can improve market valuation. In contrast, digital transformation has not shown significant influence, caused by uneven adoption among companies. ESG practices have also not shown significance in the observation period, reflecting that ESG practices in Indonesia have not been fully integrated into the company's core strategy, and its impact has not been felt as a major factor in the company's assessment. The combined influence of these factors shows the potential for strategic integration to increase the value of the company. This research provides empirical evidence and strategic insights for manufacturing companies to maximize valuation through technology and sustainability initiatives.