Modern solutions in hip arthroplasty: a systematic review of short cemented stems.

BACKGROUND

Most of the current evidence for short femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is related to uncemented fixation. This study aims to summarise the existing evidence on the use of short cemented stems in THA, with a focus on overall implant survival, clinical outcomes, radiographic findings, and complication rates.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed through the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) score.

RESULTS

With a total of 5294 total hip replacement performed, the mean follow-up was 13.5 years. The most reported complications were dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, and infections; several studies reported varus and valgus stem malalignment. All the included studies demonstrated improved clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Short cemented stems are a reliable option for Dorr type A femurs, as well as for hypoplastic and small femurs. Their advantages include preservation of metaphyseal bone, easier insertion, and easier removal in case of revision. Varus and valgus stem-position should be studied as risk factors for failure. Despite small follow-up available, and considering different stem type and length, cemented short stems implants are a safe and effective option for THA.