Mathematical Framework for Measuring and Enhancing Cybersecurity Awareness Against Phishing Attacks

Phishing attacks remain among the most widespread cyber threats, exploiting human vulnerabilities more than technical loopholes. This paper proposes a mathematical framework to quantify and enhance cybersecurity awareness against phishing attacks. The model applies probability theory, statistical measures, and optimization techniques to measure awareness levels, predict susceptibility, and evaluate preventive strategies. Using the publicly available Phishing Validation Emails dataset, the framework demonstrates how mathematical modeling can measure risk, optimize interventions, and improve resilience. Results indicate that targeted awareness strategies informed by mathematical models can reduce phishing susceptibility by more than 60%. The framework provides a foundation for integrating quantitative models into cybersecurity awareness programs.