LRS-Chain: A Permissioned Blockchain-Enabled Framework for Secure and Transparent Land Registry Systems

Land is a fundamental asset in any economy, and an efficient land registry system is vital for ensuring property rights, enabling real estate transactions, and fostering economic development. Conventional land registry systems face critical challenges such as limited transparency and traceability, legitimate ownership verification, and susceptibility to fraudulent activities. Traditional land registry systems are primarily centralized and lack comprehensive digitization, which increases the risk of forgery, data manipulation, and disputes over ownership. To address these challenges, this study proposes a blockchainenabled land registry system framework, named LRS-Chain. This proposed LRS-Chain employs the SHA-256 hashing algorithm for cryptographic security, utilizes the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized storage of land transaction records, and adopts the Raft consensus algorithm to validate and authenticate transactions within the LRS-Chain. The proposed work has been implemented using Hyperledger Fabric version 2.5.4. The performance of the proposed work is evaluated using Hyperledger Caliper, a benchmarking tool that generates dummy workloads to analyze the throughput and latency of write and query operations. Transactions ranging from 50 to 2000 are considered for testing. Additionally, CPU utilization percentages of different peer nodes are analyzed as key performance indicators. This initiative aims to effectively address and mitigate the challenges faced in land registry systems.