IoT Technology for Energy Saving in Educational Buildings by Accounting for Human Body Heat

The study addresses the energy-efficient management of building heating systems, particularly in educational institutions, focusing on energy savings, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and lowering costs. A mathematical model of the thermal balance of premises was developed, considering the impact of external temperature, heat losses, thermal capacity of the building, and heat generated by people. The proposed model incorporates data from presence sensors, enabling real-time adaptive adjustments to thermal load based on the number of people in the room.Special attention is given to modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), automated control systems (PID controllers), and sensor devices for data collection. An intelligent heating control system model is proposed, consisting of hardware components (sensors, microcontrollers, and controllers) and software solutions for monitoring, analysis, and remote control.The system ensures increased energy efficiency, reduced heating costs, and a lower environmental footprint. This solution is particularly relevant for educational institutions, where adaptive microclimate management allows for cost reduction, comfortable conditions, and a minimized environmental impact.