Indoor Farming: Hydroponic Plant Growth Chamber

Hydroponic cultivation is increasingly favored globally due to its efficient resource management and high-quality food production capabilities. Traditional soil-based agriculture faces numerous challenges, including urbanization, natural disasters, climate change, and the overuse of chemicals and pesticides, all contributing to declining soil fertility. This proposed explores various hydroponic systems such as wick, ebb and flow, drip, deep water culture, and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), detailing their operations, advantages, limitations, and the performance of different crops like tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, and leafy greens. Hydroponics offers numerous benefits, including shorter growing periods compared to conventional methods, year round production, reduced disease and pest incidences, and the elimination of tasks such as weeding, spraying, and watering. Notably, the NFT system has been commercially successful worldwide, achieving 70 to 90% water savings while effectively producing leafy and other vegetables. Leading countries in hydroponic technology include the Netherlands, Australia, France, England, Israel, and Canada. Keywords — Hydroponic, Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), soil based agriculture