Implementing Blockchain for Digital Land Certificates: Challenges and Opportunities

In today’s digital era, the digitization of critical assets is essentials for enhancing efficiency, transparency, and accountability in governance systems. Land ownership records, which serves as a foundation for economic stability, social development, and legal reinforcement, are one of the most important assets that need digitalization. However, land registry systems today have flaws such as inefficiencies, lack of transparency, high cost, and even fraud, highlighting the need for a new solution. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, tamper-resistant, and transparent nature, offers a potential solution to such issues. This study conducts research using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to analyze how blockchain can be implemented in digital land certificates. This paper provides a review on how blockchain technology has applied to digital land certificates over the years. The primary research studies used as references were searched from Scopus. Out of 234 research studies, 25 primary studies published between 2019 2025 were selected. These findings are then used to identify the key components in implementing blockchain technology on digital land certificates, identifying key challenges and highlight potential benefits.