Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Data and Algorithm Challenges and Policy Considerations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already driving fundamental changes in health care operations and patient care, and is showing promise to significantly advance the quadruple aim - enhance the patient experience, improve population health, reduce costs and improve the provider experience. However, along with these impressive advances and the realistic potential to transform health care in the near term come thorny questions about liability and accountability, algorithmic bias and representative data, and the ability to accurately interpret and explain data. We address the challenges of implementing AI in routine health care practice by looking at the role of data and algorithms and the implications for medical malpractice. We then summarize ongoing efforts to create AI policy and regulation globally to address these challenges in order to enable the mainstreaming of AI in health care.