Impact of Renewable Energy Penetration on Load Flow and Transient Stability in in Small-Scale Electrical System

The paper investigates the impact of integrating renewable energy specifically photovoltaic into small-scale using IEEE 9 BUS. The study focused on load flow and transient stability. Simulations were conducted using ETAP to analyse changes in power distribution, system losses, voltage profiles, and dynamic responses. The results show that PV integration significantly reduces the active and reactive power on synchronous generators, improves voltage stability. A transient disturbance analysis reveals that the system maintains stability after PV connection, indicating its ability to absorb fluctuations and return to steady-state. The findings underscore the importance of reactive power compensation when integrating inverter-based renewable sources into conventional grids.