Identification of Paracentrone in Fucoxanthin-fed mice and Anti-inflammatory Effect Against Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages and Adipocytes.

SCOPE

Fucoxanthin is converted to fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A in the mouse body. However, further metabolism such as cleavage products (i.e., apocarotenoids) remains unclear. We investigated the fucoxanthin-derived apocarotenoid in vivo and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of apocarotenoids with fucoxanthin partial structure such as allenic bond and epoxide residue against activated macrophages and adipocytes in vitro.

METHODS AND RESULTS

LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of paracentrone, a C31 -allenic-apocarotenoid, in white adipose tissue of diabetic/obese KK-Ay and normal C57BL/6J mice fed 0.2% fucoxanthin diet for 1 week. In lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, paracentrone as well as C26 - and C28 -allenic-apocarotenoids suppressed the overexpression of inflammatory factors. Further, apo-10'-fucoxanthinal, a fucoxanthin-derived apocarotenoid which retained epoxide residue, exhibited most potent anti-inflammatory activity through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB inflammatory signal pathways. In contrast, β-apo-8'-carotenal without allenic bond and epoxide residue lacked to suppress inflammation. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, paracentrone and apo-10'-fucoxanthinal downregulated the mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators and chemokines induced by co-culture with RAW264.7 cells.

CONCLUSION

Dietary fucoxanthin accumulated as paracentrone as well as fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A in the mouse body. Allenic bond and epoxide residue of fucoxanthin-derived apocarotenoids have pivotal roles for anti-inflammatory action against activated macrophages and adipocytes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.