High-Fidelity Electron Spin Gates for Scaling Diamond Quantum Registers

Diamond is a promising platform for quantum information processing as it can host highly coherent qubits that could allow for the construction of large quantum registers. A prerequisite for such devices is a coherent interaction between nitrogen-vacancy (NV) electron spins enabling scalable entanglement. Entanglement between dipolar-coupled NV spin pairs has been demonstrated but with a limited fidelity, and its error sources have not been characterized. Here, we design and implement a robust two-qubit gate between NV electron spins in diamond and quantify the influence of multiple error sources on the gate performance. Experimentally, we demonstrate a record gate fidelity of F2q=(96.0±2.5)% under ambient conditions. Our identification of the dominant errors paves the way towards NV-NV gates beyond the error correction threshold. Published by the American Physical Society 2025