HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN RURAL WOMEN ON EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC INDOOR AIR POLLUTION BY COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS FUELS

Biomass fuels, derived from plants and animals, are intentionally burned by humans for various purposes, including cooking. However, the combustion of biomass fuels, such as wood, animal dung, and crop residues, often occurs in open fires, resulting in high indoor and outdoor air pollution. This poses significant health risks, particularly for women and young children. In this study conducted in villages around Meerut city in Western Uttar Pradesh, India, the focus was on rural integrated women's health, specifically those using biomass fuel for cooking.

The research included three age groups of women exposed to biomass fuel and a control group using cleaner alternatives like LPG and biogas. Hematological parameters, including hemoglobin, red blood cell count, total leukocyte count, and platelet count, were analyzed to assess the impact of biomass fuel exposure on health. The study involved 180 women from 15 villages, and blood samples were collected to evaluate immunological, hematological, and biochemical parameters.

Results indicated that women exposed to biomass fuel exhibited significant alterations in hematological parameters, including lower hemoglobin levels, reduced red blood cell counts, and changes in platelet counts. These findings suggest a potential association between biomass fuel exposure and health issues such as tuberculosis infection, decreased immunity, respiratory disorders, cataracts, liver dysfunction, kidney disorders, and anemia.

The study emphasizes the detrimental effects of indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke on the health of rural women. The observed alterations in hematological parameters highlight the urgent need for interventions to reduce biomass fuel usage and mitigate health risks in these communities. This research contributes valuable insights into the complex relationship between indoor air pollution and its adverse health effects, particularly among women in rural settings.