Generative AI in higher education: navigating benefits and challenges in the technological era

Generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping higher education by transforming teaching, learning and institutional operations. This study evaluates the benefits and challenges of GenAI, providing insights into how higher education institutions (HEIs) can leverage its advantages while addressing its challenges to ensure inclusive and sustainable quality education. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, this study reviewed 79 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science, published between 2000 and 2024. Articles were selected based on specific keywords and inclusion criteria. Two authors performed a two-stage screening and quality assessment to ensure data reliability. The findings were organized into key themes while acknowledging the study’s limitations. The study identified several benefits of GenAI in higher education, including personalized learning experiences, enhanced academic support, improved student engagement and cost-effective delivery. These benefits stem from customized curricula and streamlined administrative processes. Challenges include limited GenAI proficiency among faculty, ethical concerns, data security issues and mental health risks for students. To maximize the benefits, HEIs should establish clear policies, invest in detection technologies and enhance faculty training while promoting ethical awareness. HEIs should advocate for responsible AI use, balancing its benefits with ethical considerations to create a supportive academic environment.