From Bible Class to Bible Church: A Historical-Theological Analysis of Pentecostal Christianity's Growth in Contemporary Nigeria

Pentecostal Christianity has experienced exponential growth in Nigeria over the past few decades, evolving

from small Bible study groups into a major religious force with significant theological and societal

implications. This study provides a historical-theological analysis of the development of Pentecostalism in

Nigeria, tracing its origins from early Bible study movements, such as William Kumuyi’s Deeper Christian Life

Bible study at the University of Lagos, to the establishment of nationwide Pentecostal churches. It explores

the theological foundations that underpin Nigerian Pentecostalism, including the doctrines of the Holy Spirit,

personal salvation, and the prosperity gospel, while also analysing the influence of global Pentecostal

movements on local practices. The study examines the growth strategies employed by Pentecostal churches,

including aggressive church planting, open-air crusades, media evangelism, and international missions. It also

delves into the socio-cultural impact of Pentecostalism, particularly its role in shaping national morality,

political engagement, and youth mobilisation through education and leadership programmes. Moreover, it

discusses the megachurches and their economic impact on Nigerian socio-economic structures. However,

Pentecostalism has faced criticisms related to commercialisation, doctrinal extremism, and authoritarian

leadership. The movement’s future is shaped by increasing digitalisation and globalisation, as Pentecostal

churches leverage technology and international networks to reach wider audiences. The findings of this study

suggest that Pentecostalism will continue to play a crucial role in Nigeria’s religious, social, and political

landscapes, particularly as it responds to contemporary challenges and opportunities.