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Fish embryos are damaged by dissolved PAHs, not oil particles.

M. Carls,L. Holland,3 Authors,J. Incardona

2008 · DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.03.014
Aquatic Toxicology · 282 Citations

TLDR

PAHs dissolved from oil are toxic and physical contact with oil droplets is not necessary for embryotoxicity, and the response difference between compartments is explained by diffusion.