Enhancing Welding Engineering Education Through a Problem-Based Learning Factory Model: Design, Implementation, and Outcomes

This study aims to design and implement the Problem-Based Learning Factory (PBLF) learning model in Welding Engineering courses in vocational education. The research approach uses the Dick and Carey model which focuses on systematic instructional design, including needs analysis, goal formulation, learning strategy development, implementation, and formative evaluation. The validity of the model was tested through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with experts, while its practicality and effectiveness were measured through observation and questionnaires to students and lecturers. The results showed that the PBLF model was valid with an average Aiken's V of 0,85, practical with an achievement level of 87 %, and effective in improving student learning outcomes with an average increase in value of 25 %. This model integrates theories and practices that are relevant to the industrial world, while improving students' cognitive, psychomotor, and affective skills. Formative evaluation showed that model iterations resulted in significant improvements in the learning module.