Economic and social outcomes of the Shakti Scheme: a study of female empowerment in Karnataka: a case study on daily commuters from Chitradurga to Shivamogga

This study examines the economic and social impacts of the Shakti Scheme on female daily commuters between Chitradurga and Shivamogga, employing a mixed-methods approach. Findings reveal that the scheme has substantially reduced transport expenses, enhanced mobility, and increased access to employment, education, and healthcare, particularly for rural and marginalized women. While it has fostered independence and confidence, challenges such as overcrowding, infrastructure gaps, and weak enforcement of reserved seating persist. The research concludes that with targeted improvements, the Shakti Scheme can serve as a sustainable and replicable model for gender-sensitive transport policy in India.