Ecological effects in multi-level studies
Ecological effects in multi-level studies
T. Blakely,Alistair J Woodward
2000 · DOI: 10.1136/jech.54.5.367
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · 404 Citations
TLDR
This paper aims to present an epidemiological understanding of what constitutes an ecological effect, and what sources of error may be influencing any observed ecological effect.