Dual Axis Solar Tracking System Using Arduino

The growing demand for clean and renewable energy has increased the need to improve the efficiency of solar power

systems. Conventional solar panels are usually installed in a fixed position, which prevents them from continuously facing the

sun as it moves across the sky during the day. As a result, a significant portion of available sunlight is not effectively utilized,

leading to reduced power generation.To address this limitation, this project presents the design and development of a dual-axis

solar tracking system that automatically follows the movement of the sun to maximize energy output. The system is controlled by

an Arduino Uno, which acts as the central processing unit. Four BPW34 silicon photodiodes are used as light sensors to detect

sunlight intensity from different directions. The Arduino continuously compares the sensor readings and determines the

direction in which the solar panel should move.Two servo motors are used to achieve movement in both axes: the MG996R

servo motor controls horizontal rotation, while the SG90 servo motor controls vertical movement. A tolerance-based control

algorithm is implemented to ensure smooth operation and to prevent unnecessary motor movement. By continuously aligning

the panel with the sun, the proposed system improves energy capture compared to fixed solar panels. The developed model offers

a practical, low-cost solution suitable for small-scale solar applications and educational purposes.