Diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Northeast Ethiopia

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Northeast Ethiopia. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 HIV-infected adults (≥ 18 years old) attending an ART clinic in Northeast Ethiopia from January to March 30, 2018. The mean (± SD) age of studied patients was 37 ± 10.3 years, and 273 (66.9%) were female. Of the total participants, 36 (8.8%, 95% CI 6.4% to 11.8%) had diabetes and 61 (15.0%, 95% CI 11.5% to 18.6%) had impaired fasting glucose level (111–125 mg/dl). Only fourteen (3.4%) participants knew their diabetes status during data collection. In the multivariate analysis, older age (age > 45 years; AOR = 3.51, 95% CI 1.52–8.10, P = 0.003), a family history of diabetes (AOR = 6.46, 95% CI 3.36–21.29, P < 0.001), duration of ART (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.16–6.17, P = 0.021), and hypertension (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.20–5.72, P = 0.016) were independently associated with increased odds of diabetes. These results highlight the need for regular diabetes screening among HIV-infected patients on ART in order to prevent or reduce disease-related outcomes of these patients in this study setting.