Development and characterization of highly stable electrode inks for low-temperature ceramic fuel cells

The electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that at 550 ◦ C the inkjet printing lowered the ohmic resistance to one-third (from 1.05 Ω cm 2 to 0.37 Ω cm 2 ) and the mass diffusion resistance by 4.25 times (from 6.09 Ω cm 2 to 1.43 Ω cm 2 ) as compared to drop-casted cell by creating a hierarchical porous structure and increasing reaction sites. Successful inkjet printing of the functional electrode material opens up a new avenue for the fabrication of the low-temperature ceramic fuel cells.