Developing an Open-Source Framework for Quantitative Simulation of Blood Flow and Tissue Motion for Ultrafast Doppler Ultrasound

Ultrafast power Doppler imaging (uPDI) has become a powerful tool for both research and clinical applications. However, existing simulation tools are insufficient for generating quantitatively accurate three-dimensional (3D) flow fields with tissue motion mimicking in vivo conditions. In this study, we present an open-source framework, named 3D-Fully Quantitative Flow (3D-FQFlow), to provide quantitative modeling of 3D vascular hemodynamics with physiologically realistic tissue motion for uPDI. The framework can perform quantitative modeling of both hemodynamics and tissue motion for either user-defined or clinical-derived vasculatures. Besides, it also integrates a GPU-accelerated image processing and reconstruction module. We demonstrate the performance of 3D-FQFlow using both synthetic vascular structures and clinical datasets. This framework could provide essential ground-truth simulation models to support the development, validation, and benchmarking of uPDI techniques. The source code is freely available online athttps://github.com/FortuneOU/3D-FQFlow.