Design of Battery Management System for Grid Energy Storage Based on FreeRTOS and RTDS Testing System

A battery management system design and test scheme are proposed to meet the test requirements for high-precision state-of-energy (SOE) calculation in energy storage systems and enable joint debugging with the power system. The proposed system’s hardware and software design, along with the testing scheme using RTDS as the main control logic, are presented. In this design, the SOE value of the single unit can be calculated using the extended Kalman algorithm and other correction methods in the energy storage system with multiple strings. The experimental results show that the SOE error is 1.5% under the condition of constant power test at room temperature. Additionally, the RTDS battery model simulates battery data, and the high-pressure box control logic is integrated into RTDS to enable direct control of the RTDS battery cluster output voltage via the battery management system.