DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONCENTRATOR

The majority of desalination systems are energy demanding, requiring high-grade energy sources such as naturalgas, electricity, oil, and fossil fuels. These processes result in carbon footprints, which contribute to the loss of the ozone layeras well as the development of health risks for humans. It also contributes to global warming, which is a hot subject these daysand poses a danger to the sustainability of human life. When it comes to heat-to-heat conversion, the possibility of harvestingsolar energy is the most efficient and effective. Thermal desalination is a low-temperature application procedure that requiresjust a one-time investment yet produces water for a long period of time (up to 10 to 15 years). Various sun thermal desalinationtechnologies, including direct and indirect ones, have been described in this work. When water comes to medium and largescale desalination systems, indirect methods are preferred, but direct methods, such as those utilising solar stills, are bettersuited for small and medium-sized systems. With a few simple modifications, the performance of low-cost solar stills may besignificantly increased by including a variety of readily available materials. In order to supply the daily need for fresh drinkingwater, these low-cost stills may be readily and inexpensively constructed. They are sufficient for the needs of tiny homes andcommunities living on islands and in coastal areas that have limited financial resources. It may also be used for the distillationof brackish water for the benefit of the local inhabitants that live along river banks. A system like this is also suited for areasimpacted by fluoride since it removes fluoride from the water. Using low-cost solar stills, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, coliformbacteria, viruses, and bacteria may be removed from water without sacrificing quality.