Degradation Assessment of Soils of Kogi State Farm Centre, Kabba, Southern Guinea Savannah Agroecological Zone of Nigeria

The current status of soil degradation at Kogi State Farm Centre, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria, was assessed in this study. Six soil units, A through F, were identified during a reconnaissance survey. Soil samples were collected from these units at a depth of 0-30 cm, processed, and analyzed using standard laboratory techniques for physical and chemical properties. The results were compared with accepted metrics and standards for evaluating land degradation. The soil units showed varying levels of physical, chemical, and biological degradation. Aggregate degradation assessment indicated that soil units A, C, D, E, and F were in degradation class 2 (moderately degraded), while soil unit B was in degradation class 1 (non- to slightly degraded). The moderately degraded units were mainly due to slightly high bulk density and low soil organic matter content. To improve soil conditions by reducing bulk density, increasing organic matter, and decreasing erosion, farmers in the study area are advised to use organic manure, incorporate crop wastes into the soil, practice crop rotation, and implement ridging across slopes. Regular monitoring of the degradation status and rate is also recommended.