Cross-Cultural Adjustment as a Mediator between Training and Job Performance: Evidence from Chinese Construction Expatriates in Malaysia

This study explores the mediating role of cross-cultural adjustment (CCA) in the relationship between cross-cultural training (CCT) and job performance (JP) among Chinese construction expatriates in Malaysia. Using data from 344 respondents and analyzed via PLS-SEM, the findings reveal that CCT significantly improves CCA, which in turn enhances JP. The mediation is complete, indicating that adaptive capability is the key pathway linking training to performance. Practically, this supports a staged training approach combining pre-departure and post-arrival support to improve expatriate outcomes. Theoretically, it confirms CCA as a critical mechanism in cross-cultural performance. However, the study is limited by its cross-sectional design, industry-specific focus, and self-reported data. Future research should adopt longitudinal methods, include diverse expatriate populations, and integrate qualitative insights to deepen understanding.