Context-Dependent Implementation of Circular Economy: The Case of Australia

As the circular economy entails system-wide transformation, no single actor can deliver this change alone. Integrating public governance with network governance is therefore expected to enhance implementation effectiveness. This paper adopts a dual governance perspective, drawing on insights from transition management and public administration. Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this governance model within a specific national context remains lacking. This study examines the context-dependent implementation of CE in Australia, with a focus on the textiles and building sectors. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a literature review, workshops and interviews, engaging approximately 2,000 stakeholders over a three-year period. The findings indicate that while the national-level analysis provides a general overview of CE governance, greater insight emerges at the sectoral level, where implementation occurs in practice. The analytical framework used to investigate dual governance across levels proved comprehensive for the purposes of this study. This understanding can also assist practitioners.