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Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods

D. Mackinnon,C. Lockwood,Jason J. Williams

2004 · DOI: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4
Multivariate Behavioral Research · 7,983 Citations

TLDR

Two alternatives for improving the performance of confidence limits for the indirect effect are evaluated: a method based on the distribution of the product of two normal random variables, and resampling methods.