Compilation of sense of presence questionnaires

Evaluating the sense of presence experienced by users in virtual environments is crucial for understanding and improving their effectiveness. Questionnaires and self-report scales remain one of the most widespread methods for measuring presence. This study explores the main self-report tools used to quantify the sense of presence in virtual experiences. Standardized questionnaires such as the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) and the Slater-Usoh-Steed Questionnaire (SUS) were analyzed along with other instruments developed for specific populations or environments. The analysis highlighted the advantages of self-report measures such as their ease of implementation, low cost, and ability to capture users’ subjective experiences. However, it also identified challenges such as lack of standardization, reliability issues, and potential biases. More efforts are needed to develop robust instruments, cross-culturally validated and adapted to the latest technological innovations. A comprehensive understanding of how to accurately measure the sense of presence will be fundamental to harnessing the full potential of virtual reality in fields such as architectural design, neuroarchitecture, and environmental psychology.