Cognitive training approaches for ADHD

Computer-based cognitive training, such as working memory training, is increasingly considered a therapeutic option for ADHD. In this chapter we first describe why such an option might be necessary to address limitations in existing treatment approaches and then go on to set out the clinical and scientific rationale for cognitive training for ADHD. We describe the various types of training approaches available and their implementation. This then leads to a review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the efficacy of cognitive training as a treatment for ADHD based on recent meta-analyses. We conclude that current evidence, especially considering blinded outcomes, does not support cognitive training as a front-line treatment for ADHD, although it may have beneficial effects by addressing co-occurring working memory deficits. We conclude with a discussion of future directions with an emphasis on the potential value of incorporating cognitive training approaches in early intervention strategies.