Centralised, decentralised or hybrid sanitation systems? Economic evaluation under urban development uncertainty and phased expansion.
Centralised, decentralised or hybrid sanitation systems? Economic evaluation under urban development uncertainty and phased expansion.
Ivar Roefs,B. Meulman,J. Vreeburg,M. Spiller
2017 · DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.051
Water Research · 100 Citations
TLDR
Assessment of the economic performance of three sanitation systems with different scales and systems characteristics under a variety of urban development pathways shows that the conventional system outperforms both of the other systems when total discounted lifetime costs are assessed, because it benefits from economies of scale.