Blockchain Technology in Public Sector of Georgia: A Comparative Perspective with Special Reference to Russia as a BRICS Country

This paper examines the adoption of blockchain technology in the public sector of Georgia, focusing particularly on its application within the land registry system, and offers a comparative perspective with Russia as a representative BRICS country. Georgia’s pioneering initiative to integrate blockchain into real estate registration – developed in collaboration with the Bitfury Group and the National Agency of Public Registry – has positioned the country as a global leader in e-governance innovation. By leveraging the transparency, immutability, and security of distributed ledger technology, Georgia has addressed long-standing challenges of ineffi ciency, corruption, and lack of public trust in land administration. The paper outlines the stages of Georgia’s blockchain-based land titling process, the technical and institutional framework of the pilot project, and its outcomes in enhancing transparency, trust, and effi ciency. The comparative analysis with Russia highlights contrasting stages of technological integration and policy implementation. While Russia’s national strategy under its Digital Economy initiative emphasizes large-scale adoption across sectors, its pilot projects remain in preliminary phases. The study concludes that blockchain, though not a panacea, represents a transformative tool for reinforcing integrity, accountability, and public confi dence in governance when accompanied by robust legal frameworks and institutional commitment. The Georgian experience offers valuable lessons for other nations seeking to modernize public administration through digital transformation.